![]() ![]() Applications of underwater foils occur in hydroplanes, sailboats and submarines. Hydrodynamics is the governing science, rather than aerodynamics. Lifting structures used in water include various foils, such as hydrofoils. A high lift-to-drag ratio requires a significantly smaller thrust to propel the wings through the air at sufficient lift. The lift a wing generates at a given speed and angle of attack can be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the total drag on the wing. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expressed as its lift-to-drag ratio. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid.
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